Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013 has provides useful life of assets tangible in nature. On the basis of useful life of asset, we calculate Depreciation Chart as per Companies Act:

Nature of Assets

 Useful
Life		 Rate
[SLM]		 Rate
[WDV]
(I) Buildings [NESD]
(a) Building (other than factory buildings) RCC Frame Structure 60 1.58% 4.87%
(b) Building (other than factory buildings) other than RCC Frame Structure 30 3.17% 9.50%
(c) Factory buildings 30 3.17% 9.50%
(d) Fences, wells, tube wells 5 19.00% 45.07%
(e) Other (including temporary structure, etc.) 3 31.67% 63.16%
(II) Bridges, culverts, bunkers, etc. [NESD] 30 3.17% 9.50%
(III) Roads [NESD]
(a) Carpeted Roads

(i) Carpeted Roads – RCC

 10 9.50% 25.89%

(ii) Carpeted Roads – other than RCC

 5 19.00% 45.07%
(b) Non-carpeted roads 3 31.67% 63.16%
(IV) Plant and Machinery
(a) General rate applicable to Plant and Machinery not covered under Special Plant and Machinery
(i) Plant and Machinery other than continuous process plant not covered under specific 15 6.33% 18.10%
(ii) Continuous process plant for which no special rate has been prescribed under (ii) below 8 11.88% 31.23%
(b) Special Plant and Machinery
(i) Plant and Machinery related to production and exhibition of Motion Picture Films

1 Cinematograph films – Machinery used in the production and exhibition of cinematograph films, recording and reproducing equipments, developing machines, printing machines, editing machines, synchronizers and studio lights

 13 7.31% 20.58%

2 Projecting equipment for exhibition of films

 13 7.31% 20.58%
(ii) Plant and Machinery used in glass

1 Plant and Machinery except direct fire glass melting furnaces – Recuperative and regenerative glass melting furnaces

 13 7.31% 20.58%

2 Plant and Machinery except direct fire glass melting furnaces – Moulds [NESD]

 8 11.88% 31.23%

3 Float Glass Melting Furnaces [NESD]

 10 9.50% 25.89%
(iii) Plant and Machinery used in mines and quarries Portable underground machinery and earth moving machinery used in open cast mining 8 11.88% 31.23%
(iv) Plant and Machinery used in Telecommunications [NESD]

1 Towers

 18 5.28% 15.33%

2 Telecom transceivers, switching centres, transmission and other network equipment

 13 7.31% 20.58%

3 Telecom – Ducts, Cables and optical fibre

 18 5.28% 15.33%

4 Satellites

 18 5.28% 15.33%
(v) Plant and Machinery used in exploration, production and refining oil and gas [NESD]

1 Refineries

 25 3.80% 11.29%

2 Oil and gas assets (including wells), processing plant and facilities

 25 3.80% 11.29%
3 Petrochemical Plant 25 3.80% 11.29%
4 Storage tanks and related equipment 25 3.80% 11.29%
5 Pipelines 30 3.17% 9.50%
6 Drilling Rig 30 3.17% 9.50%
7 Field operations (above ground) Portable boilers, drilling tools, well-head tanks, etc. 8 11.88% 31.23%
8 Loggers 8 11.88% 31.23%
(vi) Plant and Machinery used in generation, transmission and distribution of power [NESD]
1 Thermal / Gas / Combined Cycle Power Generation Plant 40 2.38% 7.22%
2 Hydro Power Generation Plant 40 2.38% 7.22%
3 Nuclear Power Generation Plant 40 2.38% 7.22%
4 Transmission lines, cables and other network assets 40 2.38% 7.22%
5 Wind Power Generation Plant 22 4.32% 12.73%
6 Electric Distribution Plant 35 2.71% 8.20%
7 Gas Storage and Distribution Plant 30 3.17% 9.50%
8 Water Distribution Plant including pipelines 30 3.17% 9.50%
(vii) Plant and Machinery used in manufacture of
1 Sinter Plant 20 4.75% 13.91%
2 Blast Furnace 20 4.75% 13.91%
3 Coke Ovens 20 4.75% 13.91%
4 Rolling mill in steel plant 20 4.75% 13.91%
5 Basic Oxygen Furnace Converter 25 3.80% 11.29%
(viii) Plant and Machinery used in manufacture of non ferrous metals
1 Metal pot line [NESD] 40 2.38% 7.22%
2 Bauxite crushing and grinding section 40 2.38% 7.22%
3 Digester Section [NESD] 40 2.38% 7.22%
4 Turbine [NESD] 40 2.38% 7.22%
5 Equipments for Calcinations [NESD] 40 2.38% 7.22%
6 Copper Smelter [NESD] 40 2.38% 7.22%
7 Roll Grinder 40 2.38% 7.22%
8 Soaking Pit 30 3.17% 9.50%
9 Annealing Furnace 30 3.17% 9.50%
10 Rolling Mills 30 3.17% 9.50%
11 Equipments for Scalping, Slitting, etc. [NSED] 30 3.17% 9.50%
12 Surface Miner, Ripper Dozer, etc. used in mines 25 3.80% 11.29%
13 Copper refining plant [NSED] 25 3.80% 11.29%
(ix) Plant and Machinery used in medical and surgical operations [NESD]
1 Electrical Machinery, X-ray and electrotherapeutic apparatus and accessories thereto, medical, diagnostic equipments, namely, Cat-scan, Ultrasound Machines, ECG Monitors, etc. 13 7.31% 20.58%
2 Other Equipments 15 6.33% 18.10%
(x) Plant and Machinery used in manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals [NESD]
1 Reactors 20 4.75% 13.91%
2 Distillation Columns 20 4.75% 13.91%
3 Drying equipments / Centrifuges and Decanters 20 4.75% 13.91%
4 Vessel / Storage tanks 20 4.75% 13.91%
(xi) Plant and Machinery used in civil construction
1 Concreting, Crushing, Piling Equipments and Road Making Equipments 12 7.92% 22.09%
2 Heavy Lift Equipments –
– Cranes with capacity more than 100 tons 20 4.75% 13.91%
– Cranes with capacity less than 100 tons 15 6.33% 18.10%
3 Transmission line, Tunnelling Equipments [NESD] 10 9.50% 25.89%
4 Earth-moving equipments 9 10.56% 28.31%
5 Others including Material Handling / Pipeline / Welding Equipments [NESD] 12 7.92% 22.09%
(xii) Plant and Machinery used in salt works [NESD] 15 6.33% 18.10%
(V) Furniture and fittings [NESD]
(a) General furniture and fittings 10 9.50% 25.89%
(b) Furniture and fittings used in hotels, restaurants and boarding houses, schools, colleges and other education institutions, libraries, welfare centres, meeting halls, cinema houses, theatres and circuses and furniture and fittings let out on hire for used on occasion of marriages and similar functions 8 11.88% 31.23%
(VI) Motor Vehicles [NESD]
(a) Motor cycles, scooters and other mopeds 10 9.50% 25.89%
(b) Motor buses, motor lorries, motor cars and motor taxies used in a business of running them on hire 6 15.83% 39.30%
(c) Motor buses, motor lorries, motor cars and motor taxies other than those used in a business of running them on 8 11.88% 31.23%
(d) Motor tractors, harvesting combines and heavy vehicles 8 11.88% 31.23%
(e) Electrically operated vehicles 8 11.88% 31.23%
(VII) Ships [NESD]
(a) Ocean-going ships
(i) Bulk Carriers and liner vessels 25 3.80% 11.29%
(ii) Crude tankers, product carriers and easy chemical carriers with or without conventional 20 4.75% 13.91%
(iii) Chemicals and Acid Carriers
1 With Stainless steel tanks 25 3.80% 11.29%
2 With other tanks 20 4.75% 13.91%
(iv) Liquefied gas carriers 30 3.17% 9.50%
(v) Conventional large passenger vessels which are used for cruise purpose also 30 3.17% 9.50%
(vi) Coastal service ships of all categories 30 3.17% 9.50%
(vii) Offshore supply and support vessels 20 4.75% 13.91%
(viii) Catamarans and other high speed passenger for ships or boats 20 4.75% 13.91%
(ix) Drill ships 25 3.80% 11.29%
(x) Hovercrafts 15 6.33% 18.10%
(xi) Fishing vessels with wooden hull 10 9.50% 25.89%
(xii) Dredgers, tugs, barges, survey launches and other similar ships used mainly for dredging 14 6.79% 19.26%
(b) Vessels ordinarily operating on inland waters
(i) Speed boats 13 7.31% 20.58%
(ii) Other vessels 28 3.39% 10.15%
(VIII) Aircrafts or Helicopters [NESD] 20 4.75% 13.91%
(IX) Railway siding, locomotives, rolling stocks, tramways and railway used by concerns, excluding railway 15 6.33% 18.10%
(X) Ropeway structures [NESD] 15 6.33% 18.10%
(XI) Office equipments [NESD] 5 19.00% 45.07%
(XII) Computers and data processing units [NESD]
(a) Servers and networks 6 15.83% 39.30%
(b) End user devices, such as, desktops, laptops, etc. 3 31.67% 63.16%
(XIII) Laboratory equipment [NESD]
(a) General laboratory equipment 10 9.50% 25.89%
(b) Laboratory equipments used in education institutions 5 19.00% 45.07%
(XIV) Electrical Installations and Equipment [NESD] 10 9.50% 25.89%
(XV) Hydraulic woks, pipelines and sluices [NESD] 15 6.33% 18.10%

 

USEFUL LIVES TO COMPUTE DEPRECIATION

PART ‘A’

  1. Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life. The depreciable amount of an asset is the cost of an asset or other amount substituted for cost, less its residual value. The useful life of an asset is the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by an entity, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the entity. 
  1. For the purpose of this Schedule, the term depreciation includes amortisation. 
  1. Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions of paragraph 1,—

(i) The useful life of an asset shall not ordinarily be different from the useful life specified in Part C and the residual value of an asset shall not be more than five per cent of the original cost of the asset:

Provided that where a company adopts a useful life different from what is specified in Part C or uses a residual value different from the limit specified above, the financial statements shall disclose such difference and provide justification in this behalf duly supported by technical advice.

(ii) For intangible assets, the provisions of the accounting standards applicable for the time being in force shall apply, except in case of intangible assets (Toll Roads) created under ‘Build, Operate and Transfer’, ‘Build, Own, Operate and Transfer’ or any other form of public private partnership route in case of road projects. Amortisation in such cases may be done as follows:—

(a) Mode of amortisation

Amortisation Rate = Amortisation Amount × 100
Cost of Intangible Assets (A)

Amortisation Amount =

Cost of Intangible Assets (A) × Actual Revenue for the year (B)
Projected Revenue from Intangible Asset (till the end of the concession period) (C)

(b) Meaning of particulars are as follows :—

Cost of Intangible Assets (A) = Cost incurred by the company in accordance with the accounting standards.
Actual Revenue for the year (B) = Actual revenue (Toll Charges) received during the accounting year.
Projected Revenue from Intangible = Total projected revenue from the Intan-
Asset (C) gible Assets as provided to the project lender at the time of financial closure/agreement.

 

The amortisation amount or rate should ensure that the whole of the cost of the intangible asset is amortised over the concession period.

 

Revenue shall be reviewed at the end of each financial year and projected revenue shall be adjusted to reflect such changes, if any, in the estimates as will lead to the actual collection at the end of the concession period.

 

(c) Example:—

Cost of creation of Intangible Assets : Rs. 500 Crores
Total period of Agreement : 20 Years
Time used for creation of Intangible Assets : 2 Years
Intangible Assets to be amortised in : 18 Years

Assuming that the Total revenue to be generated out of Intangible Assets over the period would be Rs. 600 Crores, in the following manner:—

 

Year No. Revenue (In Rs. Crores) Remarks
Year 1 5 Actual
Year 2 7.5 Estimate*
Year 3 10 Estimate*
Year 4 12.5 Estimate*
Year 5 17.5 Estimate*
Year 6 20 Estimate*
Year 7 23 Estimate*
Year 8 27 Estimate*
Year 9 31 Estimate*
Year 10 34 Estimate*
Year 11 38 Estimate*
Year 12 41 Estimate*
Year 13 46 Estimate*
Year 14 50 Estimate*
Year 15 53 Estimate*
Year 16 57 Estimate*
Year 17 60 Estimate*
Year 18 67.5 Estimate*
Total 600

‘*’ will be actual at the end of financial year.

Based on this the charge for first year would be Rs. 4.16 Crore (approximately) (i.e. Rs. 5/Rs. 600 × Rs. 500 Crores) which would be charged to profit and loss and 0.83% (i.e. Rs. 4.16 Crore/Rs. 500 Crore × 100) is the amortisation rate for the first year.

Where a company arrives at the amortisation amount in respect of the said Intangible Assets in accordance with any method as per the applicable Accounting Standards, it shall disclose the same. ]

PART ‘B’

  1. The useful life or residual value of any specific asset, as notified for accounting purposes by a Regulatory Authority constituted under an Act of Parliament or by the Central Government shall be applied in calculating the depreciation to be provided for such asset irrespective of the requirements of this Schedule.

PART ‘C’

  1. Subject to Parts A and B above, the following are the useful lives of various tangible assets:
Nature of assets Useful Life
I. Buildings [NESD]
(a) Buildings (other than factory buildings) RCC Frame Structure 60 Years
(b) Buildings (other than factory buildings) other than RCC Frame Structure 30 Years
(c) Factory buildings -do-
(d) Fences, wells, tube wells 5 Years
(e) Others (including temporary structure, etc.) 3 Years
II. Bridges, culverts, bunders, etc. [NESD] 30 Years
III. Roads [NESD]
(a) Carpeted roads
(i) Carpeted Roads—RCC 10 Years
(ii) Carpeted Roads—other than RCC 5 Years
(b) Non-carpeted roads 3 Years
IV. Plant and Machinery
(i) General rate applicable to plant and machinery not covered under special plant and machinery
(a) Plant and Machinery other than continuous process plant not covered under specific industries 15 Years
 (b) Continuous process plant for which no special rate has been prescribed under (ii) below [NESD] 25 Years ]
(ii) Special Plant and Machinery
(a) Plant and Machinery related to production and exhibition of Motion Picture Films
1. Cinematograph films—Machinery used in the production and exhibition of cinematograph films, recording and reproducing equipments, developing machines, printing machines, editing machines, synchronizers and studio lights except bulbs 13 Years
2. Projecting equipment for exhibition of films -do-
(b) Plant and Machinery used in glass manufacturing
1. Plant and Machinery except direct fire glass melting furnaces — Recuperative and regenerative glass melting furnaces 13 Years
2. Plant and Machinery except direct fire glass melting furnaces — Moulds [NESD] 8 Years
3. Float Glass Melting Furnaces [NESD] 10 Years
(c) Plant and Machinery used in mines and quarries—Portable under ground machinery and earth moving machinery used in open cast mining [NESD] 8 Years
(d) Plant and Machinery used in Telecommunications [NESD]
1. Towers 18 Years
2. Telecom transceivers, switching centres, transmission and other network equipment 13 Years
3. Telecom—Ducts, Cables and optical fibre 18 Years
4. Satellites -do-
(e) Plant and Machinery used in exploration, production and refining oil and gas [NESD]
1. Refineries 25 Years
2. Oil and gas assets (including wells), processing plant and facilities -do-
3. Petrochemical Plant -do-
4. Storage tanks and related equipment -do-
5. Pipelines 30 Years
6. Drilling Rig -do-
7. Field operations (above ground) Portable boilers, drilling tools, well-head tanks, etc. 8 Years
8. Loggers -do-
(f) Plant and Machinery used in generation, transmission and distribution of power [NESD]
1. Thermal/Gas/Combined Cycle Power Generation Plant 40 Years
2. Hydro Power Generation Plant -do-
3. Nuclear Power Generation Plant -do-
4. Transmission lines, cables and other network assets -do-
5. Wind Power Generation Plant 22 Years
6. Electric Distribution Plant 35 Years
7. Gas Storage and Distribution Plant 30 Years
8. Water Distribution Plant including pipelines -do-
(g) Plant and Machinery used in manufacture of steel
1. Sinter Plant 20 Years
2. Blast Furnace -do-
3. Coke ovens -do-
4. Rolling mill in steel plant -do-
5. Basic oxygen Furnace Converter 25 Years
(h) Plant and Machinery used in manufacture of non-ferrous metals
1. Metal pot line [NESD] 40 Years
2. Bauxite crushing and grinding section [NESD] -do-
3. Digester section [NESD] -do-
4. Turbine [NESD] -do-
5. Equipments for Calcination [NESD] -do-
6. Copper Smelter [NESD] -do-
7. Roll Grinder 40 Years
8. Soaking Pit 30 Years
9. Annealing Furnace -do-
10. Rolling Mills -do-
11. Equipments for Scalping, Slitting, etc. [NESD] -do-
12. Surface Miner, Ripper Dozer, etc., used in mines 25 Years
13. Copper refining plant [NESD] -do-
(i) Plant and Machinery used in medical and surgical operations [NESD]
1. Electrical Machinery, X-ray and electrotherapeutic apparatus and accessories thereto, medical, diagnostic equipments, namely, Cat-Scan, Ultrasound Machines, ECG Monitors, etc. 13 Years
2. Other Equipments. 15 Years
(j) Plant and Machinery used in manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals [NESD]
1. Reactors 20 Years
2. Distillation Columns -do-
3. Drying equipments/Centrifuges and Decanters -do-
4. Vessel/storage tanks -do-
(k) Plant and Machinery used in civil construction
1. Concreting, Crushing, Piling Equipments and Road Making Equipments 12 Years
2. Heavy Lift Equipments—
Cranes with capacity of more than 100 tons 20 Years
Cranes with capacity of less than 100 tons 15 Years
3. Transmission line, Tunneling Equipments [NESD] 10 Years
4. Earth-moving equipments 9 Years
5. Others including Material Handling /Pipeline/Welding Equipments [NESD] 12 Years
(l) Plant and Machinery used in salt works [NESD] 15 Years
V. Furniture and fittings [NESD]
(i) General furniture and fittings 10 Years
(ii) Furniture and fittings used in hotels, restaurants and boarding houses, schools, colleges and other educational institutions, libraries; welfare centres; meeting halls, cinema houses; theatres and circuses; and furniture and fittings let out on hire for use on the occasion of marriages and similar functions. 8 Years
VI. Motor Vehicles [NESD]
1. Motor cycles, scooters and other mopeds 10 Years
2. Motor buses, motor lorries, motor cars and motor taxies used in a business of running them on hire 6 Years
3. Motor buses, motor lorries and motor cars other than those used in a business of running them on hire 8 Years
4. Motor tractors, harvesting combines and heavy vehicles -do-
5. Electrically operated vehicles including battery powered or fuel cell powered vehicles 8 Years
VII. Ships [NESD]
1. Ocean-going ships
(i) Bulk Carriers and liner vessels 25 Years
(ii) Crude tankers, product carriers and easy chemical carriers with or without conventional tank coatings 20 Years
(iii) Chemicals and Acid Carriers :
(a) With Stainless steel tanks 25 Years
(b) With other tanks 20 Years
(iv) Liquified gas carriers 30 Years
(v) Conventional large passenger vessels which are used for cruise purpose also -do-
(vi) Coastal service ships of all categories -do-
(vii) Offshore supply and support vessels 20 Years
(viii) Catamarans and other high speed passenger for ships or boats -do-
(ix) Drill ships 25 Years
(x) Hovercrafts 15 Years
(xi) Fishing vessels with wooden hull 10 Years
(xii) Dredgers, tugs, barges, survey launches and other similar ships used mainly for dredging purposes 14 Years
2. Vessels ordinarily operating on inland waters—
(i) Speed boats 13 Years
(ii) Other vessels 28 Years
VIII. Aircrafts or Helicopters [NESD] 20 Years
IX. Railways sidings, locomotives, rolling stocks, tramways and railways used by concerns, excluding railway concerns [NESD] 15 Years
X. Ropeway structures [NESD] 15 Years
XI. Office equipment [NESD] 5 Years
XII. Computers and data processing units [NESD]
(i) Servers and networks 6 Years
(ii) End user devices, such as, desktops, laptops, etc. 3 Years
XIII. Laboratory equipment [NESD]
(i) General laboratory equipment 10 Years
(ii) Laboratory equipments used in educational institutions 5 Years
XIV. Electrical Installations and Equipment [NESD] 10 years
XV. Hydraulic works, pipelines and sluices [NESD] 15 Years

Notes.—

1.”Factory buildings” does not include offices, godowns, staff quarters.

2.Where, during any financial year, any addition has been made to any asset, or where any asset has been sold, discarded, demolished or destroyed, the depreciation on such assets shall be calculated on a pro rata basis from the date of such addition or, as the case may be, up to the date on which such asset has been sold, discarded, demolished or destroyed.

3.The following information shall also be disclosed in the accounts, namely:—

(i) depreciation methods used; and

(ii)the useful lives of the assets for computing depreciation, if they are different from the life specified in the Schedule.

  1.      (a)Useful life specified in Part C of the Schedule for whole of the asset and where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and useful life of that part is different from the useful life of the remaining asset, useful life of that significant part shall be determined separately.

(b) The requirement under sub-paragraph (a) shall be voluntary in respect of the financial year commencing on or after the 1st April, 2014 and mandatory for financial statements in respect of financial years commencing on or after the 1st April, 2015.

5. [***]

  1.  The useful lives of assets working on shift basis have been specified in the Schedule based on their single shift working. Except for assets in respect of which no extra shift depreciation is permitted (indicated by NESD in Part C above), if an asset is used for any time during the year for double shift, the depreciation will increase by 50% for that period and in case of the triple shift the depreciation shall be calculated on the basis of 100% for that period.

  2. From the date this Schedule comes into effect, the carrying amount of the asset as on that date—

(a) shall be depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset as per this Schedule;

(b) after retaining the residual value, [may be recognized] in the opening balance of retained earnings where the remaining useful life of an asset is nil.

  1. “Continuous process plant” means a plant which is required and designed to operate for twenty-four hours a day.

Tag: Depreciation Companies Act